Researchers in Germany have developed bio-based photovoltaic solar cells by embedding the two proteins from plants responsible for photosynthesis into complex molecules developed in-house. The proteins used are photosystem 1 and 2. This procedure created an efficient electron current. In leaves, photosystems 1 and 2 utilize light energy very efficiently. Converting carbon dioxide into oxygen and biomass requires this high level of efficiency. However, the bio-based solar cell developed by